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Well, you came to the right place! The MemorEase+ program } provides you with the tools to learn just about anything you desire and do it faster than ever before. Now you will always }be able to memorize and learn as much as your capabilities allow, and you can memorize quicker and remember longer using Memo }rEase+.Memory experts tell us that pronouncing information aloud is a positive reinforcement; it exercises the voice-ear-br }ain connection that will aid learning and retention. As an experiment, the next time you are introduced to someone new, repe }at their name aloud and listen to your words. You will surely remember them better. Behavioral modification specialists tel }l us that learning information is best accomplished through several stages of gradual recall and that vision together with re }inforcement will increase our knowledge better than with vision without the reinforcement. Were you ever a passenger in an a }utomobile and you traveled from your home (or some other point of departure) and you traveled through a new part of the city }(or to another city) making man new twists and turns through the streets and you forgot the way? Many of us remember when we } were children that we had these types of experiences before we learned to drive. This is a typical example of vision withou }t reinforcement; yet, if you were the driver of the automobile and your passenger directed you to make the turns, you would a }lmost always remember the way; this is an example of vision with reinforcement that produces a higher degree of recall. Expe }riments conducted with animals have shown similar results. If one animal is walking at your side and another is being held i }n your arms and you walk in this fashion through various parts of a new, unfamiliar forest, the animal being held cannot find } his way through that forest as well as the animal who walked and experienced the forest through vision and physical interact }ion (reinforcement).MemorEase+ is a program that has combined the above elements that will produce a vision-voice-ear-brain } connection for you. The gradual recall technique used in MemorEase+ is not original. It was introduced to computers by Pro }fessor Neil R. Carlson who is a member of the Department of Psychology at the University of Massachusetts in Amherst. In hi }s article (see the chapter titled Suggested Reading) he describes where he learned of the technique. Apparently, Professor C }arlson attended a lecture given by B. F. Skinner whose research is well known to psychologists and educators. Professor Skin }ner opened the field of operant conditioning and his work served as the basis for behavior therapy. Also, he was one of the }pioneers in the development of programmed learning. In the lecture, Professor Skinner described an occasion when one of his }daughters was required to learn a poem for school by the next morning. After some thought, Professor Skinner asked her to le }ave the room for a few minutes. He wrothe poem, in printed letters, on a blackboard and then he called his daughter back int }o the room. After she read the poem aloud, she left the room again. He randomly erased a few of the letters; the text looke }d odd, but readable. He called his daughter back into the room, and she recited the passage again. The process was repeated } several times; every time she left the room Professor Skinner erased more letters until the blackboard was empty. But, by t }his time she had the poem memorized. Professor Carlson rushed home from the lecture and implemented Skinner's idea on a micr }oprocessor in BASIC and tried the technique on his daughter. According to the article, the program worked beautifully; howev }er, by the author's own admission, his program could be improved...This gradual recall technique works much better than sim }ply reading text, because with each recitation the user is forced to remember a little more than before. Each recall is cued } by the letters remaining, so it is rather easy to progress from one recitation to the next. Since work must be done with ea } ɛ N 'QRKK  N `Q F U 6G`B&D EdHI V`}. This mode is an exercise that allows you to memorize speeches, poems, facts, and prose of any kind. 2) Memorize split-pag }e text. This mode is an exercise that allows you to memorize vocabulary, definitions, comparative statements, any flash-card } information, languages (limited to English letters), etc. Each of the memorization exercises (full-page and split-page) all }ow for the letters to fade incrementally from the screen by the user's prompt. The user may prompt to return the faded lette }rs all the way back to the beginning and the user may prompt to peek at the whole word where his/her eyes are focused. The u }ser may elect to learn text (poems) in two ways: one page (stanza) at a time or all pages (stanzas) taken one at a time (see }the TUTORIAL on operating the program). At anytime, the user may back-up pages or advance pages. 3) Split-page quiz. This }mode is an electronic flash-card technique that allows you to review the same information from the "memorize split-page mode" } in typical flash-card fashion. The user may select to blank either the upper screen or the lower screen, display one of the } screens, guess the answer, review the answer, and score the result. The questions appear at random and the quiz continues u }ntil all questions are scored correctly. This exercise has been included as an additional reinforcement to the split-page mo }de. 4) Create full-page text. This mode allows the user to enter up to 20 pages of any full-page text per file in a friendl }y fashion. The user does not require a knowledge of computers, word processors, or text editors to accomplish this. 5) Crea }te split-page text. This mode allows the user to enter up to 20 pages of split-page material in the same friendly fashion. }The results may be used in the "memorize split-page text" or in the "split-page quiz". 6) Text-page editing. This mode allo }ws the user to add or delete pages of text. 7) Change page color. The user may select the color of his/her choice for the s }creen. With the MemorEase+ program the user may create a series of questions and answers on any topic for personal review of } factual information. Once you start, you will be delighted by the many new ways you will find to use MemorEase+.GETTING S }TARTEDMACHINE REQUIREMENTSThe MemorEase+ program requires at least 48K RAM for your Atari 400, 800, XL, or XE and a disk d }rive; the joystick plugged into port #1 is optional.LOADING THE PROGRAMRemove all cartridges from the computer and leave t }he computer power off. Turn on the disk drive and insert diskette #1. Turn on the computer power. The program will load au }tomatically.TUTORIAL(operating the program)The best way to proceed through these instructions is to read each step comp }letely before making a menu selection. If this is your first time to operate the program, each step has a recommended select }ion for you to make.After loading and starting the MemorEase+ program you will see the title of the program followed by a l }egal statement and the first menu selection: PRESS SPACE BAR TO STARTPress the space bar and the Main Menu (a list of t }hings you can select from, just like at the restaurant) will appear on the screen: MAIN MENU SELECT ONE OF THE F }OLLOWING CHOICES: 1 MEMORIZE FULL-PAGE TEXT 2 MEMORIZE SPLIT-PAGE TEXT 3 SPLIT-PAGE QUIZ 4 CREATE FULL-PAGE }TEXT 5 CREATE SPLIT-PAGE TEXT 6 TEXT-PAGE EDITING 7 CHANGE PAGE COLOR In most cases the TAB keymay be pressed } to reselect the previous menu.To make a selection, press the number of the key corresponding to your choice; you nee }d not press RETURN when making menu selections. If you have a joystick plugged into port 1 on the far left of the keyboard, }you may move the arrow on the screen up or down by moving the stick forward or backward. When you have the arrow pointing to } the selection of your choice, press the button and the selection will be made. Also, if you decide to change your selection }s, you may go back and do so by pressing the TAB key. This option allows you to back up all the way to the Main Menu from ju }st about any place in the program. The only time you cannot back up by pressing the TAB key is when you are entering a file }name or text. This manual will remind you where the TAB key fails. Each of these menu selections are discussed below as fol }lows:MEMORIZE FULL-PAGE TEXTThis mode is an exercise that allows you to memorize speeches, poems, facts, and textual matte }r of any kind. The screen will utilize up to 16 lines of information and the program can handle up to 20 pages of text. Eac }h time this mode is selected, the following 4 steps will be required to set up an exercise:STEP 1. Select Memorize Full-Pa }ge Text mode.To enter the Memorize Full-Page Text mode from the Main Menu, press key 1 (or use the joystick - see page 4 for } operation) and proceed to the next step.STEP 2. Select fade cycle.After pressing key 1 from the main menu the following }menu will appear: SELECT THE NUMBER OF FADE CYCLES: 1 ONE 2 TWO 3 THREE 4 FOUR 5 FIVE 6 SIX 7 S }EVEN 8 EIGHT 9 NINE 0 TENFade cycle selections determine how many letters are removed (or faded) each time you }make the request later on in step 5. For example, if you select a fade cycle of three, each time you press the FADE key (in }step 5) 33% of the letters will disappear leaving an empty screen after 3 key strokes. If you select a fade cycle of five, 2 }0% of the letters will disappear each time you press the FADE key (in step 5) leaving an empty screen after 5 key strokes. L }ikewise, if you select a fade cycle of ten, 10% of the letters will disappear each time you press the FADE key (in step 5) le }aving an empty screen after 10 key strokes. Determining the proper selection will be discusssed in detail in the INDIVIDUALI }ZED LEARNING chapter.If this is the first time that you have used this program, press key 0 and proceed to the next step. }STEP 3. Select fade mode - RESET FADE.After pressing key 0 from step 2, the following menu will appear: SELECT FADE MODE }WHEN TURNING PAGES FORWARD OR BACKWARD: 1 RESET FADE 2 HOLD FADEThere are two ways to memorize the text; 1) memori }ze one page at a time or 2) memorize all pages at the same time. Most people may prefer to memorize a large text consisting }of several pages by memorizing one page at a time; however a few may prefer the latter. A selection of key 1 will reset the }fade to zero each time a new page is selected and a selection of key 2 will keep the current fade selection each time a new p }age is selected. More on this later.If this is the first time that you have used this program, press key 1 and proceed to }the next step.STEP 4. Load text from diskette.After pressing key 1 from step 3, the following menu will appear: LOAD DI }SKETTE INTO DRIVE 1 AND 1 BEGINAt this time you should still have Diskette #1 in drive A. Leave it there for this t }utorial; however, in the future you may desire text from a different diskette and this prompt will remind you to load it.If } this is the first time that you have used this program, press key 1 and the following menu will appear: SELECT FULL PAGE T }EXT: 1 IF 2 SEAFEVER 3 TREES 4 TOMORROW 5 ONEAND20 6 CROSSING 7 BRIDGE 8 PRESS FOR MOREThis }Next, press key 1 until only a few letters appear on the screen. Now, press key 3. Press it again. Each time you press it,} all faded letters will flash on and off the screen so fast that you can only actually see the text in the area that your eye}s are focused. This fact is more apparent when you have a screen full of text instead of the present example of just the poe}m title. This feature will allow you to view a particular word if you have trouble recalling it.Next, press key 4 to view }the next page; the screen will appear as follows: IF YOU CAN KEEP your head when all about you Ar}e losing theirs and blaming it on you; If you can trust yourself when all men doubt you, } But make allowance for their doubting too;-----------------------------------SELECT TO CONTINUE ! FADE CYCLES} - 1 FADE ! CURRENT: 00 2 RESTORE ! MAXIMUM: 10 3 PEEK ! 4 NEXT PAGE ! PAGE NUM}BER 02 5 PREVIOUS PAGE ! 6 EXIT EXERCISE !Notice that the indicator FADE CYCLES - CURRENT was reset to 00 (If it did }not do this, then the wrong selection was made for this part of the TUTORIAL back in step 3. If this is the case, press the }TAB key several times and go back to step 3, press key 1, and continue making the indicated menu selections until you return }here.) and the page number now indicates that you are viewing page 2. Before we proceed, press key 5 and see what happens. }Page 1 appears on the screen. You can always turn pages forward to the end or backward to the beginning of the text at any t}ime by pressing keys 4 or 5, respectively. Return to page 2 by pressing key 4. Now, read the text aloud - yes, aloud. Audi}tory feedback is critical in committing knowledge to memory.After you have read the text aloud, press key 1 (once) to fade }the text. The screen now will appear as follows: IF YOU CAN KEEP our head when a l about you A e l}osin theirs a d b aming it on you; If you c n trust yourself when all men doubt you, B t m}ake al owance for their dou ting to ;-----------------------------------SELECT TO CONTINUE ! FADE CYCLES - 1 }FADE ! CURRENT: 01 2 RESTORE ! MAXIMUM: 10 3 PEEK ! 4 NEXT PAGE ! PAGE NUMBER 02 } 5 PREVIOUS PAGE ! 6 EXIT EXERCISE !Notice that after the letters have faded out, the FADE CYCLES - CURRENT indicator i}s set to 01. Read the text aloud again. Keep pressing key 1 and after the letters have faded out, reread the text aloud. B}y the time the indicator FADE CYCLES - CURRENT is equal to 04, the screen will appear as follows: F Y C KEEP ou}r h a en a a o t you A los eirs a d b mi g it on you; If c tru y r}self h n all men do t u, t ma al anc for their u ng ; --------------------}--------------SELECT TO CONTINUE ! FADE CYCLES - 1 FADE ! CURRENT: 04 2 RESTORE ! MAXIMUM: 10 }3 PEEK ! 4 NEXT PAGE ! PAGE NUMBER 02 5 PREVIOUS PAGE ! 6 EXIT EXERCISE !Keep going with the exercise} of pressing key 1 and reciting the text. By the time the indicator FADE CYCLES - CURRENT is equal to 08, the screen will ap}pear as follows: Y C EE h a n a o t s rs }i g i u; f u y el h n n t u m c } ei u n -----------------------------------SELECT TO CONTINUE ! FADE CYCLES - 1 FADE ! CUR}RENT: 08 2 RESTORE ! MAXIMUM: 10 3 PEEK ! 4 NEXT PAGE ! PAGE NUMBER 02 5 PREVIOUS PAGE ! } 6 EXIT EXERCISE !By the time the indicator CURRENT is equal to 10 (CURRENT = MAXIMUM), the screen will be blank and you sh}ould have the stanza memorized. Now, you are ready to press key 4 to view and memorize the next page. The screen will appea}r as follows: If you can wait and not be tired by waiting, Or, being lied about, don't deal in lies, } Or, being hated, don't give way to hating, And yet don't look too good, nor talk too wise;----------}-------------------------SELECT TO CONTINUE ! FADE CYCLES - 1 FADE ! CURRENT: 00 2 RESTORE ! MAXI}MUM: 10 3 PEEK ! 4 NEXT PAGE ! PAGE NUMBER 03 5 PREVIOUS PAGE ! 6 EXIT EXERCISE !Keep repeating th}e procedure of pressing key 1 and reciting the text as described above for each page (or stanza) of the poem. You will soon }have the entire poem memorized.Now, let's go back to the menu selection of step 3 by pressing the tab key several times and} select the HOLD FADE option by pressing key 2. Load the poem IF again from the diskette and advance to page 2 of the poem. } Next, select the FADE option by pressing key 1 four times. The screen will appear as follows: F Y C KEEP our }h a en a a o t you A los eirs a d b mi g it on you; If c tru y  } rself h n all men do t u, t ma al anc for their u ng ;------------------ }-----------------SELECT TO CONTINUE ! FADE CYCLES - 1 FADE ! CURRENT: 04 2 RESTORE ! MAXIMUM: 10 } 3 PEEK ! 4 NEXT PAGE ! PAGE NUMBER 02 5 PREVIOUS PAGE ! 6 EXIT EXERCISE !Next, press key 4 and let }'s look at the next page. The screen will appear as follows: f y c wait nd t be ir d by wa ting,  } O bei l d abou , d 't d al in lies, Or, in ate o 't gi e way ing d ye on l}oo o good, nor talk t e;-----------------------------------SELECT TO CONTINUE ! FADE CYCLES - 1 FADE } ! CURRENT: 04 2 RESTORE ! MAXIMUM: 10 3 PEEK ! 4 NEXT PAGE ! PAGE NUMBER 03 5 P}REVIOUS PAGE ! 6 EXIT EXERCISE !Note that FADE CYCLES - CURRENT is still equal to 4 and that the new page was already fa}ded. You may continue pressing key 4 to view more pages; you may press key 5 to view previous pages and the pages stay faded}. You may at any time press key 1 or 2 to change the current fade cycle value and then flip the pages forward or backward wi}thout the current fade cycle changing. This option allows you to memorize the entire text by the following method: 1) Read a}loud the entire text one-page-at-a-time with FADE CYCLES - CURRENT equal to 0. 2) Turn the pages back to page 1. 3) Press k}ey 1 to set FADE CYCLES - CURRENT equal to 1. 4) Read aloud the entire text one-page-at-a-time. 5) Turn the pages back to p}age 1 again, then press key 1 to set FADE CYCLES - CURRENT equal to 2 and recite the entire text again. Repeat the process u}ntil the FADE CYCLES - CURRENT = MAXIMUM and you should have the poem memorized.Selecting the RESET FADE or the HOLD FADE w}ill be discussed further in the chapter INDIVIDUALIZED LEARNING. Before leaving this exercise mode, experiment with the fade} cycle selections of step 2.MEMORIZE SPLIT-PAGE TEXTThis mode is an exercise that allows you to memorize vocabulary, defi}nitions, comparative statements, and just about anything that you can represent on a flash card. The screen is divided into }two parts (hence: split-page) for learning; the upper part will utilize up to 7 lines and the lower part will utilize up to 8} lines of information and the program can handle up to 20 pages of split-page text. Each time this mode is selected, steps 6} through 10 will be required to set up an exercise.STEP 6. Select Memorize Split-Page Text mode.To enter the Memorize Spl}it-Page Text mode from the Main Menu, press key 2 (or use the joystick - see page 4 for operation) and proceed to the next st}ep.STEP 7. Select fade options.After pressing key 2 from the Main Menu, the following menu will appear: SELECT THE FADE } OPTIONS: 1 FULL PAGE FADE 2 UPPER PAGE FADE 3 LOWER PAGE FADEThis option is offered to allow a selection!} of fading the upper, lower, or full page. It is up to you to select the preference of your choice. This example will use t"}he full page fade; however, you should try the other selections just to see how they work. You may find that all three will #}be usefull depending on the type of material that you intend to memorize. If this is your first time using this program, pre$}ss key 1 and proceed to the next step.STEP 8. Select fade cycle.After pressing key 1 from step 7, the following menu will%} appear: SELECT THE NUMBER OF FADE CYCLES: 1 ONE 2 TWO 3 THREE 4 FOUR 5 FIVE 6 SIX &} 7 SEVEN 8 EIGHT 9 NINE 0 TENThis is the same as step 2 above. If necessary, reread that section and co'}ntinue. If this is the first time that you have used this program, press key 0 and proceed to the next step.STEP 9. Selec(}t fade mode.After pressing key 0 from step 8, the following menu will appear: SELECT FADE MODE WHEN TURNING PAGES FORWARD)} OR BACKWARD: 1 RESET FADE 2 HOLD FADEThis is the same as step 3 above. If necessary, reread that section and *}continue. If this is the first time that you have used this program, press key 1 and proceed to the next step.STEP 10. Lo+}ad text from diskette.After pressing key 1 from step 9, the following menu will appear: LOAD DISKETTE INTO DRIVE 1 AND ,} 1 BEGINThis is the same as step 4 above. Review that section and continue. If this is the first time that you have us-}ed this program, press key 1 and the following menu will appear: SELECT SPLIT-PAGE TEXT: 1 WORDLST1 2 PREFIXES .} 3 SUFFIXES 4 ROOTS 5 CMPWORDS 6 NUCDEFS 7 LAW 8 PRESS FOR MOREThis menu allows you to select yo/}ur split-page text. If you wish to see more of the text selections, press key 8. Please read the comments in step 4 above a0}nd return for a vocabulary example of using the split-page text. If this is your first time using this program, press key 11} to load the vocabulary example and proceed to the next step.STEP 11. Memorizing split-page text.After the text has loade2}d, the screen will appear as follows: abase---------------------------------- lower; humiliate. His refusa3}l to abase himself in the eyes of his followers irritated the king who wanted to humiliate the proud leader.4}----------------------------------SELECT TO CONTINUE ! FADE CYCLES - 1 FADE ! CURRENT: 00 2 RESTORE 5} ! MAXIMUM: 10 3 PEEK ! 4 NEXT PAGE ! PAGE NUMBER 01 5 PREVIOUS PAGE ! 6 EXIT EXERCISE !If you 6}have not read step 5 above, do so now; you should know how to operate the key selections before proceeding. Read the text alo7}ud starting with the upper page, then pause, then recite the lower page. If this is the first time that you have used this p8}rogram, press key 1 to fade the text. The text now will appear as follows: aba e-------------------------9}---------- l wer; humili te. His r fusal t aba e himself in the yes of hi follower irritate the ki g who want d to :}hu iliate th proud leader -----------------------------------SELECT TO CONTINUE ! FADE CYCLES - 1 FADE ! C;}URRENT: 01 2 RESTORE ! MAXIMUM: 10 3 PEEK ! 4 NEXT PAGE ! PAGE NUMBER 01 5 PREVIOUS PAGE !<} 6 EXIT EXERCISE !Notice that some of the letters have faded out just as in the full-page text mode and that the FADE CYC=}LES - CURRENT is equal to 1. The operation for split-page text is identical to the full-page text except for the selection o>}f upper, lower, or full page fade. After pressing key 1 to fade four times (CURRENT = 4), the text will appear as follows:?} aba e----------------------------------- l wer; u il te. r sal aba e hims f th ye f@} hi fo l we irr te he g who w t to il e th pr u leader -----------------------------------SELECT A}TO CONTINUE ! FADE CYCLES - 1 FADE ! CURRENT: 04 2 RESTORE ! MAXIMUM: 10 3 PEEK ! 4B} NEXT PAGE ! PAGE NUMBER 01 5 PREVIOUS PAGE ! 6 EXIT EXERCISE !Keep repeating the fading and reciting procedure; C}after fading the text 8 times, the screen will appear as follows: a ----------------------------------D}- u i . l hi f o l w r ho t t E} r u ad -----------------------------------SELECT TO CONTINUE ! FADE CYCLES - 1 FADE ! CURRENTF}: 08 2 RESTORE ! MAXIMUM: 10 3 PEEK ! 4 NEXT PAGE ! PAGE NUMBER 01 5 PREVIOUS PAGE ! 6 EG}XIT EXERCISE !By the time the CURRENT fade cycle equals the MAXIMUM, the screen will be blank and you should have the page H}memorized. Before leaving this exercise mode, experiment with the FULL, UPPER or LOWER PAGE fade options of step 7, the numbI}er of fade cycles of step 8, the RESET or HOLD FADE modes of step 9, and the RESTORE, PEEK, NEXT PAGE, and PREVIOUS PAGE optiJ}ons on this menu.SPLIT-PAGE QUIZThis mode is an electronic flash-card technique for displaying the upper or lower page (oK}ne side of a flash-card) then presents the answer on command (the other side of the flash-card). The questions are selected L}randomly and the quiz continues until all the questions are scored 'correct' by the user. Each time this mode is selected, sM}teps 12 through 15 will be required to set up an exercise:STEP 12. Select Split-Page Quiz mode.To enter the Split-Page QuiN}z mode from the Main Menu, press key 3 (or use the joystick) and proceed to the next step.STEP 13. Select the blank optionO}s:After pressing key 3 from the Main Menu, the following menu will appear: SELECT THE BLANK OPTIONS: 1. BLANK UPPER PP}AGE 2. BLANK LOWER PAGEThis option allows you the flexibility to view the upper page (one side of a flash-card) or the Q}lower page (the other side of a flash-card) first. Ultimately both upper and lower will be viewed together. If this is yourR} first time using this program, press key 2 to view the upper page with the lower page blank and proceed to the next step.SS}TEP 14. Load text from diskette.After pressing key 2 from step 13, the following menu will appear: LOAD DISKETTE INTO DRIT}VE 1 AND 1 BEGINThis is the same as steps 4 and 10 above. If this is the first time that you have used this programU}, press key 1 and the following menu will appear: SELECT SPLIT-PAGE TEXT: 1 WORDLST1 2 PREFIXES 3 SUFFIXES V} 4 ROOTS 5 CMPWORDS 6 NUCDEFS 7 LAW 8 PRESS FOR MOREThis is the same as step 11 above. If this is yW}our first time using this program, press key 1 to load the vocabulary example (WORDLST1) and proceed to the next step.STEP X}15. Using the split-page quiz.After the text has loaded, the screen will appear as follows: abominate-----Y}-----------------------------------------------------------------SELECT: ! QUESTION ! Z} STATUS: ! 1 DISPLAY ANSWER ! REMAINING 10 2 EXIT EXERCISE ! MAXIMUM: 10Repeat the word [}"abominate" aloud and then recite the meaning (lower page) aloud. Next, press key 1 to display the answer. The screen will \}appear as follows: abominate----------------------------------- loathe; hate. Moses abominated idol worship.]}-----------------------------------GRADE YOURSELF: ! QUESTION ! STATUS: ^} ! 1 CORRECT ! REMAINING 10 2 INCORRECT ! MAXIMUM: 10Next, grade yourself. If you answered correct_}ly, the logical choice would be to press key 1; however, this may not always be your selection. When you press key 1 the que`}stion is eliminated and will not appear again unless you reload the text from the diskette. If you wish the question to conta}inue to reappear randomly, you would press key 2. Obviously, if you answered incorrectly, the logical choice would be to preb}ss key 2. If this is your first time using this program, let us assume that you answered correctly; press key 1 and the screc}en will appear as follows: abdicate----------------------------------------------------------------------d}SELECT: ! QUESTION ! STATUS: ! 1 DISPLAY ANSWER ! REMAININe}G 09 2 EXIT EXERCISE ! MAXIMUM: 10Another vocabulary word appeared and the number of questions remaining is now 9. Af}gain, read the upper page aloud, pause, then recite the lower page (aloud). Press key 1 to display the answer: ag}bdicate-----------------------------------Renounce; give up. When Edward VIIIabdicated the British throne, hesurprised tq}B'DOS SYSB-+AUTORUN SYSB XFONT SETBaDOC 000BDOC 001BDOC 002BDOC 003BCROSSINGTXTBBRIDGE TXTBFIDDLE TXTBKINGCOLETXTB GETTYSBGTXTB#BOPEEP TXTB *WORDLST1VOCB 4PREFIXESVOCB ASUFFIXESVOCB NROOTS VOCBZCMPWORDSVOCBqNUCDEFS VOCByLAW VOCBDIALOGUEVOCBALPHABETTXTBDAYS TXTBMONTHS TXTB ANTHEM TXTB PRES TXTBNUMBERS VOCBSPANISH VOCBGERMAN VOCBJAPANESEVOCBSIXPENCETXTBGIRLCURLTXTBLIFEBOWLTXTBMPRINTERSOPTB!OKI29XMI B$DMP500TA B'LQ800EPS B*SG10STAR BeX01 A BvX02 A BX03 A BX04 A BX05 A B-IMAGEWRI B0P321TOSH B3SPIRIT80 B6DMP130TA B9QUIETJET B<WIDEQUIE B?ESC2EPSO BBNONESC2E BEOKI29XIB BHNB24STAR BKWIDENB24 BBPDNAME BOPDCS DATUOKI29XML he entire world.-----------------------------------GRADE YOURSELF: ! QUESTION ! STATUS:r} ! 1 CORRECT ! REMAINING 09 2 INCORRECT ! MAXIMUM: 10Just for an exercise, let us as}ssume that you answered incorrectly. Press key 2 and the screen will appear as follows: abjure-------------t}--------------------------------------------------------SELECT: ! QUESTION ! STAu}TUS: ! 1 DISPLAY ANSWER ! REMAINING 09 2 EXIT EXERCISE ! MAXIMUM: 10Another word appeared; hov}wever, the questions remaining are still 9. The previous question is still in the computer waiting to be selected (randomly)w} again. Continue the procedure through the entire set of questions until they are all answered 100% correct.CREATE FULL-PAx}GE TEXTFull-page memorization material is extremely easy to enter and the material is stored on diskette for later recall. y} Before starting this section, format a diskette following instructions in your ATARI DOS manual and have it ready. The sizez} of a 20 page, full-screen text will vary from only a few diskette sectors to as many as 100 sectors; the amount of text cont{}ained in each page is the determining factor (nearly empty pages will require only a few sectors and completely full pages wi|}ll require 100 sectors). An empty diskette can hold 707 sectors and only 64 files. Before beginning a "Create" or Edit func}}tion, check the directory of your diskette with ATARI DOS to determine if there is ample room for the text. Each time this m~}ode is selected, steps 16 and 17 must be completed before text may be entered.is ample room for the text. Each time this mPSTEP 16. Select Create Full-Page Text mode.To enter the Create Full-Page Text mode from the Main Menu, press key 4 (or use }the joystick) and proceed to the next step.STEP 17. Enter filename.If this is the first time that you have used this prog}ram, load a formatted diskette into drive 1. After pressing key 4 from the Main Menu, the screen will show:-------------} menu allows you to select your text. If you wish to see more of the text selections, press key 8. Anytime there are more t}----------------------ENTER the name of your new file and press RETURN. Remember that you must enter eight upper case}, alphanumeric characters or less with no number in the first position.Instead of entering a file name, press the }TAB key twice. Notice how the cursor jumps; also, notice that the program did not back up to the previous menu. This is on}e of those instances that the TAB key will not back up the menu. Press the RETURN key and the screen will display the follo}wing error message:** ERROR IN FILENAME - TRY AGAIN **After the screen clears and the cursor is ready, enter FTEXT1 for y}our practice file name and press RETURN. The screen will display the following file name review:------------------------}----------- This is your file name: FTEXT1 1 KEEP 2 TRY AGAIN 3 EXIT TO MAIN MENUIf you made a mistake in your f}ile name, press key 2 and enter it again, otherwise, press key 1 and the program will write the file name to the floppy disk }directory. Proceed to the next step.STEP 18. Enter full-page text.After pressing key 1 from step 17, the screen will app}ear as follows: ! ! !} ! !----------------------------------!ENTER TEXT: Type }one line at a time and do not type past the bar. Check each line before pressing RETURN. If the line is incorrect } use the BACKSPACE key to correct FINISHED? Type * then type RETURN in the first character position.Enter text without} letting the cursor move past the bar on the right of the screen. Always press RETURN before this happens. Enter the follow}ing 2 lines of text and press RETURN at the end of each line:first line of text (press RETURN)second line of text (pres}s RETURN)After entering your two lines of text, press the * key in the first character position on the left of the screen a}nd press the RETURN key again. The screen will appear as follows: first line of text second line of text-------------}---------------------- Your text is displayed above. Read it carefully and make a selection: 1 KEEP 2 TRY AGAIN 3} KEEP AND EXIT TO MAIN MENU This page number is: 01If you made a mistake in this display of your text, press key 2 }and reenter your text, otherwise, press key 1 and enter another page. When you have finished entering text and after you hav}e reviewed your last page, press key 3; the program will exit to the Main Menu after writing the text to the diskette. Pleas}e note that the program will allow up to 20 pages to be entered for this file; if you try to enter more, the program will aut}omatically exit to the Main Menu after completing the 20th page.If this is the first time that you have used this program, }type a few pages of text, anything, and press key 3 to terminate the full-page text entry. Now you may select the "memorize }full-page text" mode from the Main Menu and memorize your text.Creating your own full-page text is just as easy as shown in} this example, and remember, entering your own text reinforces your memorization of the text.CREATE SPLIT-PAGE TEXTSplit-}page memorization material is almost as easy to enter as full-page text and the material is stored on diskette for later reca}ll. Before starting this section, format a diskette and have it ready. The size of a 20 page, split-screen text will vary f}rom only a few diskette sectors to as many as 100 sectors; the amount of text contained in each page is the determining facto}r (nearly empty pages will require only a few sectors and completly full pages will require 100 sectors). An empty diskette }can hold 707 sectors and only 64 files. Before beginning a "Create" or "Edit" function, check the directory of your diskette} with ATARI DOS to determine if there is ample room for the text. Each time this mode is required, steps 19 and 20 must be c}ompleted before text may be entered.STEP 19. Select Create Split-Page Text mode.To enter the Create Split-Page Text mode }from the Main Menu, press key 5 (or use the joystick) and proceed to the next step.STEP 20. Enter filename.If this is the} first time that you have used this program, load a formatted diskette into drive 1. After pressing key 5 from the Main Menu}, the screen will show:-----------------------------------ENTER the name of your new file and press RETURN. Remember} that you must enter eight upper case, alphanumeric characters or less with no number in the first position.Ent}er FVOCAB1 for your practice file name and press RETURN. The screen will display the following file name review:--------}--------------------------- This is your file name: FVOCAB1 1 KEEP 2 TRY AGAIN 3 EXIT TO MAIN MENUIf you made a }mistake in your file name, press key 2 and enter it again, otherwise, press key 1 and the program will write the file name to} the floppy disk directory. Proceed to the next step.STEP 21. Enter split-page text.After pressing key 1 from step 20, t}he screen will appear as follows: ! ! } ! ! !----------------------------------!}----------------------------------- ENTER TEXT: Type one line at a time and do not type past the bar. Check each l}ine before pressing RETURN. If the line is incorrect, use the BACKSPACE key to correct. FINISHED? Type * then type R}ETURN in the first character position.Enter text without letting the cursor move past the bar on the right of the screen}. Always press RETURN before this happens. Enter the following 2 lines of text and press RETURN at the end of each line: }first line of text, upper page (press RETURN) second line of text, upper page (press RETURN)After entering }your two lines of text, press the * key in the first character position on the left of the screen and press the RETURN key ag}ain. The screen will appear as follows: first line of text, upper page second line of text, upper page---------------}------------------------------------------------------- Your upper page is displayed above. Read it carefully and make} a selection: 1 KEEP 2 TRY AGAIN This page number is: 01If you made a mistake in this display of your te}xt, press key 2 and reenter your text, otherwise, press key 1 and enter the lower page. After pressing key 1, the screen wil}l appear as follows: first line of text, upper page second line of text, upper page----------------------------------!} ! ! ! } ! !----------------------------------!ENTER TEXT: Type one line at a ti}me and do not type past the bar. Check each line before pressing RETURN. If the line is incorrect use the BACKSPA}CE key to correct FINISHED? Type * then type RETURN in the first character position.The upper page is displayed at thi}s time to allow you to properly center or indent the lower page to match to the upper page. Enter text without letting the c}ursor move past the bar on the right of the screen. Always press RETURN before this happens. Enter the following 2 lines of} text and press RETURN at the end of each line: first line of text, lower page (press RETURN) second line of text, low}er page (press RETURN)After entering your two lines on the lower page, press the * key in the first character position on} the left of the screen and press the RETURN key again. The screen will appear as follows:------------------------------}----- first line of text, lower page second line of text, lower page----------------------------------- Your lower page }is displayed above. Read it carefully and make a selection: 1 KEEP 2 TRY AGAIN This page number is: 01}Since this is a review of the lower page only, the upper page was omitted. If you made a mistake in the lower page of your} text, press key 2 and reenter your text, otherwise, press key 1 and review the entire page. After pressing key 1, the scree}n will appear as follows: first line of text, upper page second line of text, upper page--------------------------------}--- first line of text, lower page second line of text, lower page----------------------------------- Your entire split-}page is displayed above. Read it carefully and make a selection: 1 KEEP 2 TRY AGAIN 3 KEEP AND EXIT TO MAIN MENU } This page number is: 01If you made a mistake in this display of your text, press key 2 and reenter your text, otherwi}se, press key 1 and enter another page. When you have finished entering text, press key 3 after you have reviewed your last }page and the program will exit to the Main Menu after writing the text to the diskette. Please note that the program will al}low up to 20 pages to be entered for each file; if you try to enter more, the program will automatically exit to the Main Men}u after completing the 20th page.TEXT-PAGE EDITINGThe program would not be complete without a way to edit the textual mat}erial; that is, delete pages and insert pages. For either the full-page text or the split-page text, the editing process is }the same; the same menus appear and the editing is by page only. The page numbers required as input in this section may be o}btained from reviewing the text in one of the memorization modes (key 1 or 2 from the Main Menu). Before starting this secti}on, make a backup of Diskette #1 and use the backup diskette for this exercise (do not write protect the backup diskette).T}his program will not actually modify an existing text file; instead, it will create a new text file with the desired modifica}tions and leave your original text files untouched. For deleting, renaming, or listing text files, refer to the section titl}ed "Additional utility operations" later in this chapter. To delete textual pages, steps 22 through 28 are required, and to }insert textual pages, steps 29 through 36 are required.STEP 22. Select Text-Page Editing mode.To enter the Text-Page Edit}ing mode, press key 6 from the Main Menu (or use the joystick) and proceed to the next step.STEP 23. Select delete page op}tion.After selecting TEXT-PAGE EDITING from the Main Menu, the screen will appear as follows: PLEASE SELECT THE FOLLOWING:} 1 INSERT PAGE(S) 2 DELETE PAGE(S) 3 EXIT TO MAIN MENUTo select the delete page mode, press key 2 and proceed t}o the next step.STEP 24. Select page type.After pressing key 2 from step 23, the following menu will appear: PLEASE SEL}ECT THE PAGE TYPE: 1 FULL-PAGE TEXT 2 SPLIT-PAGE TEXT 3 EXIT TO MAIN MENUThe process of deleting pages is ident}ical for both full-page and split-page text; however, the program needs to know which type of text file to reference from the} directory. As you might suspect, the full-page text files and the split-page text files have slightly modified (by the Memo}rEase+ program) directory names; these anomalies are explained in the section "Additional utility operations" later in this c}hapter. For this example, press key 1 to delete pages of a full-page text file (and remember that the same procedures will b}e required for split-page text) and proceed to the next step.STEP 25. Enter new file name.After pressing key 1 from step }24, the screen will appear as follows:-----------------------------------ENTER the name of your new file and press RE}TURN. Remember that you must enter eight upper case, alphanumeric characters or less with no number in the first } position.If this is the first time that you are using this program, enter GARBAGE1 for your new file name and press RETURN}. The file name review will appear as follows:----------------------------------- This is your file name: GARBAGE1 }1 KEEP 2 TRY AGAIN 3 EXIT TO MAIN MENUIf the name appears correct on the file name review, press key 1 and proceed to} the next step.STEP 26. Enter the name of the file-to-be-modified.After pressing key 1 from step 25, the screen will appe}ar as follows:----------------------------------- ENTER the name of the file-to-be-modified and press RETURN. Rem}ember that you must enter eight upper case, alphanumeric characters or less with no number in the first position.}Now enter IF (we will delete some pages from that poem) and press RETURN; the screen will display the file name review. If} the file name is correct in the review, press key 1 (KEEP) and proceed to the next step.STEP 27. Enter page number(s) to }delete.After pressing key 1 from step 26, the screen will appear as follows:----------------------------------- ENTER p}age number(s) to delete starting,ending then press RETURN. This program will recognize page numbers 1 - 99 only.}If deleting one page only, you may enter one number and press RETURN; however, entering 5,5 to delete page 5 will also work}. If deleting page 2 through page 4, enter 2,4 and pages 2, 3, and 4 will be deleted.It is possible to have text files gre}ater than 20 pages in length even though the create modes will not allow this to happen. Where do they come from? From the }text editing "insert page" mode discussed later in this chapter. To determine page numbers greater than 20, you will have to} list the file to a printer as explained in the section "Additional utility operations" later in this chapter. Remember, the} memorize and quiz modes will not accommodate text files larger than 20 pages.If this is the first time that you have used }this program, enter 2,4 and press RETURN. Proceed to the next step.STEP 28. Load diskette and delete text.After entering} the page number(s) to delete from step 27, the screen will display: LOAD DISKETTE INTO DRIVE 1 AND 1 BEGIN 2 EXIT TO} MAIN MENUSelecting key 2 allows you to escape to the Main Menu without actually creating any new files with deleted text. } If this is the first time that you are using this program, load your backup diskette (of Diskette #1) into drive 1 and press} key 1 to create a new file with deleted pages.After the new file has been created, the program will exit to the Main Menu.} You may check the GARBAGE1 text file by selecting the "memorize full-page text" mode and by stepping through the menus desc}ribed in steps 1 through 5 above.STEP 29. Select Text-Page Editing mode.To enter the Text-Page Editing mode, press key 6 }from the Main Menu (or use the joystick) and proceed to the next step.STEP 30. Select insert page option.After selecting }TEXT-PAGE EDITING from the Main Menu, the screen will appear as follows: PLEASE SELECT THE FOLLOWING: 1 INSERT PAGE(S)} 2 DELETE PAGE(S) 3 EXIT TO MAIN MENUTo select the insert page mode, press key 1 and proceed to the next step.STEP} 31. Select page type.After pressing key 1 from step 30, the following menu will appear: PLEASE SELECT THE PAGE TYPE: }1 FULL-PAGE TEXT 2 SPLIT-PAGE TEXT 3 EXIT TO MAIN MENUThe process of inserting pages is identical for both full-pa}ge and split-page text; however, the program needs to know which type of text file to reference from the directory (explained} in step 24 above). The full-page text files and the split-page text files have slightly modified (by the MemorEase+ program}) directory names; these anomalies are explained in the section "Additional utility operations" later in this chapter. For t}his example, press key 1 to insert pages of a full-page text file (and remember that the same procedures will be required for} split-page text) and proceed to the next step.STEP 32. Enter new file name.After pressing key 1 from step 31, the screen} will appear as follows:-----------------------------------ENTER the name of your new file and press RETURN. Remembe}r that you must enter eight upper case, alphanumeric characters or less with no number in the first position.If} this is the first time that you are using this program, enter GARBAGE2 for your new file name and press RETURN. The file na}me review will appear as follows:----------------------------------- This is your file name: GARBAGE2 1 KEEP 2 TR}Y AGAIN 3 EXIT TO MAIN MENUIf the name appears correct on the file name review, press key 1 and proceed to the next step}.STEP 33. Enter the name of the file-to-be-modified.After pressing key 1 from step 32, the screen will appear as follows: }-----------------------------------ENTER the name of the file-to-be-modified and press RETURN. Remember that you  } must enter eight upper case, alphanumeric characters or less with no number in the first position.Now enter IF (w }e will insert some pages to that poem) and press RETURN and the screen will display the file name review. If the file name i }s correct in the review, press key 1 (KEEP) and proceed to the next step.STEP 34. Enter the name of the file-to-be-added. }After pressing key 1 from step 33, the screen will appear as follows: ---------------------------------- ENTER the name }of the file-to-be-added and press RETURN. Remember that you must enter eight upper case, alphanumeric characters} or less with no number in the first position.Now enter GARBAGE1 (we will add the text that we created from the previ}ous exercise) and press RETURN, and if the file name review shows the file name to be correct, press key 1 (KEEP) and proceed} to the next step.STEP 35. Enter the page number for the insertion of new pages.After pressing key 1 from step 34, the sc}reen will appear as follows: ----------------------------------- ENTER the page number that you wish to insert new pa}ge(s) after and press RETURN. This program will recognize page number 1-99 only.Page numbers larger than 20 was d}iscussed in step 27 above, reread it if necessary. If this is the first time that you are using this program, enter 3 to ins}ert the GARBAGE1 text after page 3 of the IF text, press RETURN, and proceed to the next step.STEP 36. Load diskette and i}nsert text.After entering the page number from step 35, the screen will display: LOAD DISKETTE INTO DRIVE 1 AND 1 BEGI}N 2 EXIT TO MAIN MENUIf this is the first time that you are using this program, load your backup diskette (of Diskette #}1) into drive 1 and press key 1 to create a new file with inserted pages. program, load your backup diskette (of Diskette #KAfter the new file has been created, the progrm will exit to the Main Menu. You may check the GARBAGE2 text file by selectin}g the "memorize full-page text" mode and by stepping through the menus described in steps 1 through 5 above.CHANGE PAGE COL}ORTo change the screen color, press key 7 from the Main Menu and the following menu will appear: SELECT PAGE COLOR: 1 }GREEN 2 DARK BLUE 3 LIGHT BLUE 4 BLACKYour monitor may require an adjustment of the color, tint, or brightness in }order to achieve a pleasing color. Press any key, 1 to 4, and the screen will change color and return to the Main Menu.ERR}OR STATEMENTSSince the MemorEase+ program is largely menu driven, there are very few errors that you will encounter; howeve}r, error messages may appear from time to time, and the following is a list of error messages, their causes, and their correc }tions:ERROR MESSAGE CAUSE/CORRECTIONYou made an error in the first line Select from the menu and continue.*Error* T!}oo many lines on page Text may have been created elsewhere without page or split-page terminators. Use a text editor t"}o correct the text.Diskette is write protected Remove the write protect tape and try again.File not found Check y#}our filename and try again.File is locked Use ATARI DOS to unlock the file and try again.Directory is full Format a$}nother diskette and try again.Diskette is full Format another diskette and try again.Duplicate file names not allow%}ed Check your filenames and try again.**Error** Make appropriate menu selections.Open error No text file on diskett&}e or no diskette loaded or changed diskettes in middle of menu selection.** Error in page number ** Check your page n'}umbers and try again.You entered a * in the first line Select from the menu and continue.** Error in filename - try a(}gain Read ATARI DOS for filename instructions.Disk write error Possible bad diskette, format another diskette and t)}ry again.Read error Possible bad diskette, try again.ADDITIONAL UTILITY OPERATIONSFor those of you who will be creati*}ng text and editing the files, the following information may be useful. The text files used in the full-page text, split-pag+}e text, and the split-page quiz require a special tag (extender) on the file name in order for the program to recognize it. ,}An example of the complete file name of the full-page text IF is IF.TXT and an example of the complete file name of the split-}-page text (also, the quiz text) WORDLST1 is WORDLST1.VOC. Text generated by the MemorEase+ program will automatically place.} the extender for you; however, you must use the extender if you wish to use the DOS utilities for Renaming, Deleting, or Lis/}ting any of the files.To Rename, Delete, or List any file(s), load Atari DOS into the computer and refer to your DOS manual0} for these operations. Listing files to a printer may be accomplished by using the COPY command.The size of a 20 page, ful1}l-screen or split-screen text will vary from only a few diskette sectors to as many as 100 sectors; the amount of text contai2}ned in each page is the determining factor (nearly empty pages will require only a few sectors and completly full pages will 3}require 100 sectors). An empty diskette can hold 707 sectors and only 64 files. Before beginning a "Create" or "Edit" funct4}ion, check the directory of your diskette with ATARI DOS to determine if there is ample room for the text. To prepare a dis5}kette with the MemorEase+ program without the text files provided, format a fresh diskette and write DOS onto it. Then use t6}he DUPLICATE FILE command to copy the MemorEase+ program, AUTORUN.SYS. An alternative method would be to duplicate the origi7}nal MemorEase+ diskette (using ATARI DOS for all of these operations) and delete the text files.If you decide to use a text8} editor to create text for MemorEase+, you must remember to keep the lines shorter than 37 characters, terminated with the RE9}TURN code. Also, to signal a page, the program looks for 3 control "K" characters in the beginning of a new line; to signal:} a split-page, the program looks for 3 control "M" characters in the beginning of a new line.INDIVIDUALIZED LEARNING(using ;}the program)Before you begin using the MemorEase+ program, first look at some of the statements from the experts. All of t<}he books mentioned below are included in the chapter titled "Suggested Reading".In the book "Psychology of Learning: Readin=}gs", Arthur W. Melton is quoted from his chapter "Implications of Short Term Memory for a General Theory of Memory" as follow>}s: "... Learning may be defined as the modification of behavior as a function of experience." In his book "About Behaviorism?}", B. F. Skinner states: "(... The quick forgetting of dreams and of passing thoughts which have not been clearly "noted" sug@}gests that a current running account is the best way to make sure that behavior can be discribed at a later date.)". Later iA}n the same book in the chapter on operant behavior he states "... When a bit of behavior has the kind of consequence called rB}einforcing, it is more likely to occur again... Another supposed mental process said to be needed in operant conditioning is C}understanding... Another state said to be needed is belief." In "The Dragons of Eden", Carl Sagen states "... No matter how D}hard we try, the memory resists retrieval. But if we think sideways at it, recalling some slightly related or peripheral iteE}m, it follows unbidden." He describes how dream experiences are vague unless they are written down or discussed with someoneF} immediately upon awakening. He goes on to describe how we may remember a list of random numbers better when they are reciteG}d aloud or written down rather than studied silently, suggesting that our brain tends to remember sounds and images, but not H}thoughts.Judging from what the experts have shown, the basic ingredients for learning or memorization seem to include underI}standing, belief, experience, recall, and reinforcement. Using the MemorEase+ program as described below should satisify allJ} these requirements.PREPARATIONBefore entering your material into the computer, it is important to understand it thoroughK}ly. Look up all unknown words in the dictionary and make certain that you really understand the material and that you reallyL} believe it. If you are confused about the material beforehand, you may be even more confused later (and you may not have thM}e material memorized either). You should plan to use several pages rather than jam the entire text into one page; so, you neN}ed to lay-out (if not on paper at least in your mind) a screen format before entering the text into the computer.Part of thO}e experience and reinforcement will be when you type the material into the computer. This stage is important in learning, toP}o. Make certain that all words are spelled correctly and that the punctuation is correct or you will memorize the mistakes aQ}s well. Load the text in the appropriate memorization mode and turn all pages to ensure that the material is complete.STUDR}Y SESSIONSBefore you begin the recitations, turn off all noise generators (radios, TV's, etc.) and seat yourself in a comfoS}rtable chair directly in front of the screen and load the text that you wish to memorize. You should relax before starting; T}just stare at the screen with your fingers relaxed on the keyboard (or hold the joystick in your lap with both hands) and lisU}ten to your breathing. After relaxing for a minute or so, start reciting aloud - always aloud. Press key 1 to fade the textV} and recite aloud again. Continue in this fashion until the screen is blank, then turn to the next page and repeat the proceW}ss. After finishing the entire text, get up and take a break. Walk around; drink some water; do anything that will help relX}ieve your heavy concentration.In this stage of learning, you have included experience with recall and verbal reinforcement,Y} a powerfull equation for committing short-term memory to long-term memory.In his book, "Your Memory: a User's Guide," BritZ}ish psychologist Dr. Alan Baddeley relates in his memory research that an hour long memorization session once a day is more e[}fficient than longer periods of time. Other studies (contained in the references provided in the chapter titled "Suggested R\}eading" indicate that long periods of memorization may cause you to remember only the last part of what you memorized and for]}get the first part. To avoid becoming confused by oversaturating yourself, limit your sessions to no more than one hour per ^}day.THE FINAL TOUCHPeople tend to forget items that are no longer experienced or used and an occasional reinforcement may_} be necessary to cement an item to long-term memory. You may be studying for mid-term exams and are memorizing a lot of mate`}rial; you should reinforce that memory by recycling through the memorization exercises about 3 days after the first cycle anda} again a few days before the final exam. Some of the material you will remember for years to come; some you may forget relatb}ively soon if you have not been using it. Since the material is stored on floppy diskette, you may at any time in your life c}recycle through the memorization steps outlined above for a thorough reinforcement.When recycling the material, try using ad} lower value for the fade cycle instead of the recommended value of 10. Five or three may be better choices. In fact, you se}hould challenge the recommended value of 10; nine or eight or even five may be a better selection for you. We are all differf}ent in our abilities and the guidelines presented are merely guidelines. You must experiment so that you know yourself, knowg} what your capabilities are, and fine-tune the program to fit yourself.When you sit down for a memorization session, ask yoh}urself if this is quality time or not. If it is not, do the exercise some other time. Examples of poor quality time would bi}e working all day on financial ledgers, eight hours of computer programming, hours of writing, many hours of studying textbooj}ks or anything that has exhausted you mentally. Do your memorizing before doing your mental work or on a day that you have nk}ot mentally exerted yourself. Dr. Alan Baddeley's research also indicates that material memorized when under the influence ol}f alchohol is best recalled only when under the influence of alchohol. So, avoid alchohol and drugs while memorizing your matm}erial (unless you plan on being intoxicated at the time of recall).There are many ways of using the MemorEase+ program; mann}y examples have been included on your diskettes and the next chapter will describe how these examples may be used. Look themo} over; some of them may be helpful to you. You will discover many more ways in which to use the program; remember what was sp}aid earlier: once you start, you cannot stop thinking of new ways to use MemorEase+.MEMOREASE+ FILESOver 30 files on two q}diskettes have been included with your MemorEase+ package. Ample room has been provided on the furnished diskettes for text r}that you may wish to add. The text ranges from children's Mother Goose rhymes, alphabet learning, and number counting to adus}lt vocabulary, word parts, and legal terms to mention a few. Some of the text included are complete; such as, the poems and t}Lincoln's Gettysberg Address. Most of the remaining material has been included to serve as an example of how to use the Memou}rEase+ program and to stimulate the user's imagination to find ways he or she can utilize the program. Following are explanav}tions of some of the text files; however, you should review all of the files yourself to gain a more complete understanding ow}f the many ways to use this program. You will undoubtably discover better formats for learning some of the material presentex}d here - GOOD! Enter your material and MemorEase+ it!FULL-PAGE TEXT FILESMost of the full-page text files provided are py}oems. Learning poems can be delightful with MemorEase+ and many old favorites have been included. Each of the poems has thez} title and author listed on the first page. If any of you have children, please expose them to some of the Mother Goose Nurs{}ery Rhymes that have been included.Other full-page text files provided for your memorizing pleasure are the National Anthem|} and Lincoln's Gettysberg Address. Perhaps some of the children's full-page text files may function better if they were ente}}red into the split-page text files. For example, the text file, PRES, that lists the presidents of the United States could a~}ppear on the split-page screen as: (upper screen) 1st President --------------- (lower screen) } Geo. Washington ---------------Then the text could be used in the split-page quiz as well. Remembe}r, the person memorizing the text will remember it better if he or she enters the material into the computer.There are many} other subjects for memorization using full page text; some of these are songs, prayers, anecdotes, famous quotations, and li}mericks (can you think of more?).SPLIT-PAGE TEXT AND QUIZ FILESOne of the first uses that comes to mind for the split-pag}e text is in memorizing vocabulary words. The WORDLST1 file contains a few as an example. Since there is a large difference} in vocabulary between children and adults, only an example has been included. Children can enter and learn their words as t}hey receive them from school each week and adults can obtain vocabulary books at the library or book store, or use articles s}uch as those in Readers Digest to increase your word power.Having a large vocabulary can help you to read faster and learn }more easily. We normally use two types of words - the ones for our everyday conversation and writing, and those that we ordi}narily do not use, but which we recognize when we read or hear them. How a word is used can often help us guess its meaning }without the use of a dictionary.Frequently, we can determine the meaning or approximate meaning of a word by breaking it do}wn into its components. If you know the meaning of various prefixes, suffixes and roots, you can quickly recognize many unfa}miliar words.The files PREFIXES, SUFFIXES, and ROOTS consist of a series of word parts and their meanings. In addition, th}e SUFFIXES file indicates the part of speech - noun, adjective, or adverb.Some examples of specialized vocabulary words hav}e been included; they are computer words (CMPWORDS), nuclear definitions (NUCDEFS), and legal terms (LAW). DIALOGUE has been} included for you actors and actresses that need to memorize material following a corresponding prompt. A few examples of fo}reign languages have also been included.Again, only a few examples of the many uses of MemorEase+ have been included. Virt}ually all flash-card information may be entered as well as historical events with dates.SUGGESTED READINGMany excellent b}ooks have been written on the brain, learning, behaviorism, and memorization; they may be obtained from your local bookstore }or library. The references recommended below were selected because they cover the subjects thoroughly; however, there are ma}ny more that are just as usefull as these presented, and getting started with these will lead you to more if you are so incli}ned. There are many aspects of memorization not covered in this manual; such as, using "tricks" to remember number lists, da}tes, names, or other items. Those books may also be found in the stores and libraries; however, those techniques are quite d}ifferent from the one presented in this manual and references to them have not been included in this list.1. Carlson, Neil }R., LEARNIT: A Memorization-Aid Program, onComputing (magazine article), Copyright Summer 1981.2. Skinner, B. F., About Beh}aviorism, 291 pages, Vintage Books Edition, Copyright 1974.3. Skinner, B. F., Beyond Freedom & Dignity, 215 pages, A Bantom}/Vintage Book, Copyright 1971.4. Sagan, Carl, The Dragons of Eden, 271 pages, Ballantine Books, Copyright 1977.5. Springe}r, Sally P and Deutch, George, Left Brain, Right Brain, 243 pages, W. H. Fremman & Company, Copyright 1981.6. Mikulas, Will}iam L. (editor), Psychology of Learning: Readings, 591 pages, Copyright 1977.7. Baddeley, Dr. Alan, Your Memory: A User's G}uide,editor), Psychology of Learning: Readings, 591 pages, Copyright 1977.7. Baddeley, Dr. Alan, Your Memory: A User's Ghan 7 selections to make, the program will display "PRESS FOR MORE" for selection 8. If there are fewer than 7 text selectio}ns or if there are exactly 7 text selections on the diskette or if you have seen all the text selections, the program will di}splay "PRESS TO REPEAT" for the last selection. For example: if there were only three text selections on the diskette, the f}ourth selection would be "PRESS TO REPEAT". Pressing key 4 would actually cause the program to reread the directory from the} diskette in disk drive #1 and display the three text selections as before. If you realized that the text you wanted to memo}rize was on a different diskette, you may change diskettes at this time and press key 4. The new directory will be read and }the screen will display the new text selections.If this is the first time that you have used this program, press key 1 to l}oad the poem "IF" by Rudyard Kipling and proceed to the next step.STEP 5. Memorizing full-page text.After the text has loa}ded, the screen will appear as follows: IF by Rudyard Kipling-----------------------------}------SELECT TO CONTINUE ! FADE CYCLES - 1 FADE ! CURRENT: 00 2 RESTORE ! MAXIMUM: 10 3 PEEK } ! 4 NEXT PAGE ! PAGE NUMBER 01 5 PREVIOUS PAGE ! 6 EXIT EXERCISE !Now you are ready to start memorizing, b}ut first, let's learn about the selections and status lines at the bottom of the screen. Press key 1 and you will notice a f}ew letters will disappear or fade out. Press key 1 a few more times and more letters will fade out. Now, press key 2 and th}e last group of letters that faded out have returned. Press key 2 again and more letters will return. Keep pressing key 2 a}nd eventually all the letters will return and the screen will display the original text. Did you notice that when you pressed} key 1 or key 2 that the FADE CYCLES - CURRENT indicator also changed? The indicator FADE CYCLES - MAXIMUM will not change u}nless you go back to the menu in step 2 and change the fade cycle selection; however, the FADE CYCLE - CURRENT indicator will} change each time key 1 or 2 are pressed. When FADE CYCLE - CURRENT is equal in value to FADE CYCLE - MAXIMUM, the screen wi}ll be completely blank; that is, all the letters will be faded out. However, if there are only a few letters on the screen t}o begin with, the screen may become blank before CURRENT = MAXIMUM.However, if there are only a few letters on the screen t ECLES - MAXIMUM will not change unless you go back to the menu in step 2 and change the fade cycle selection; however, the FAD}E CYCLE - CURRENT indicator will change each time key 1 or 2 are pressed. When FADE CYCLE - CURRENT is equal in value to FAD}E CYCLE - MAXIMUM, the screen will be completely blank; that is, all the letters will be faded out. However, if there are on}ly a few letters on the screen to begin with, the screen may become blank before CURRENT = MAXIMUM.However, if there are on e However, if there are only a few letters on the screen to begin with, the screen may become blank before CURRENT = MAXIMUM.}However, if there are only a few letters on the screen to begin with, the screen may become blank before CURRENT = MAXIMUM. ut. However, if there are only a few letters on the screen to begin with, the screen may become blank before CURRENT = MAXIM}UM.However, if there are only a few letters on the screen to begin with, the screen may become blank before CURRENT = MAXIM 0might one day equal. ] ZRLI^L4^Jeff Jones & Sean Puckett^ ZRLy^Lg^Sean Puckett & Jeff Jones}^L ZRL^ Designers^| ZL^ Programmers^ ZL^Hardware Designers^ ZL^Run-time Packages}^ ZL_Printer Drivers^ ZL_Gaffers_ ZL0__/ ZL`_Joan said we should mention her}_@ ZLq__p ZL_OH....and 'Hi Mom'_ ZL__ ZL^ T`[ J QYT[TLT`YTILIV]ck)M120/10 Blue ChipKX-P1080 PanasonicA2K) @@cbAN} 2@cuAO 2}P:\TV]TVV`TVaTLVENm`TNmaTMYTLV]T\TNN N) AK} 2AL 2}P:M J J8өө<өLX} - The Better Bit Blast --- BBB...... - ) @A*"} 2AL 2"}P:`LL[DWI2LYLYReceive filename?->Y JWE FJEWLYWE bTLL[DWI1L )ZLYSend filename?->Y JWE FJEWLZWE vRLL[DWI3LZLGZ$Send backup: Metafile filename?->Z" JW FJL}tZSending backup files...ZZ JW ILZWE FJWE JWE vR JLZ JLL[DWI4LL[LZMetafile file}name?Z JW FJL [Receiving backup files...Z JW ILG[WE FJWE JWE bT JL"[ JLX``}W